Atmospheric Forcing of the Pacific Meridional Mode: Tropical Pacific?Driven Versus Internal Variability

Development Processes of the Tropical Pacific Meridional Mode

Mechanisms for the spatio-temporal development of the Tropical Pacific Meridional Mode (TPMM) are investigated using a coupled ocean-atmosphere model and observations. In both observation and the model, this meridional mode displays decadal variations and is most pronounced in spring and early summer. The model simulation suggests that once sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the subtrop...

The Pacific Meridional Mode and the Occurrence of Tropical 1 Cyclones in the Western North Pacific

30 This study investigates the association between the Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) 31 and tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the western North Pacific (WNP). It is found that 32 the positive PMM phase favors the occurrence of TCs in the WNP while the negative 33 PMM phase inhibits the occurrence of TCs there. Observed relationships are 34 consistent with those from a long-term preindustrial co...

Meridional variability of atmospheric convection associated with the Indian Ocean Dipole Mode

The Indian Ocean Dipole Mode (IODM) impacts many surrounding and remote regions of the Indian Ocean, with devastating floods over East Africa but severe droughts in countries surrounding Indonesia during a positive IODM event. Understanding the dynamics is important for seasonal prediction and climate projections, but the role of meridional temperature and circulation anomalies remains unclear....

The Effect of Orbital Forcing on the Mean Climate and Variability of the Tropical Pacific

Summary) Using a coupled general circulation model, the responses of the climate mean state, the annual cycle, and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon to orbital changes are studied. The authors analyze a 1650-yr-long simulation with accelerated orbital forcing, representing the period from 142 000 yr B.P. (before present) to 22 900 yr A.P. (after present). The model simulation d...

North Atlantic Multidecadal SST Oscillation: External forcing versus internal variability